Individuals who earned investment income in 2025 from stock market transactions, dividends, interest, crypto-assets, or investment gold must file the Single Tax Return D212 by May 25, 2026. The form is used to regularize both income tax and health insurance contributions (CASS).
The immediate impact on tax obligations differs depending on the residence of the income payer and the type of investment. In the case of interest paid by Romanian financial institutions, the tax is withheld at source, and the taxpayer only declares CASS if cumulative income exceeds the legal threshold of six gross minimum salaries. For interest earned abroad, the obligation to calculate, declare, and pay tax rests entirely with the individual.
Dividends follow the same mechanism. Resident companies withhold tax directly upon distribution, while dividends received from outside Romania must be declared through D212. From a tax perspective, the health contribution becomes due only if total income exceeds the thresholds of 6, 12, or 24 gross minimum salaries, depending on the level of income received.
For stock transactions, the tax regime differs depending on the intermediary. If transactions are carried out through brokers authorized in Romania, tax is automatically withheld for each transaction, and losses can no longer be fiscally offset. In the case of foreign intermediaries or transfers of shares in unlisted companies, the taxpayer must annually determine the net gain and declare it individually.
Cryptocurrency transfers generate tax obligations each time assets leave the portfolio: through sale, exchange, or use for payments. Tax becomes payable if the profit exceeds 200 lei per transaction and 600 lei cumulatively per year.
Investment gold remains included in the category of income requiring self-assessment, with the individual responsible for calculating income tax and any potential CASS obligation.